
From the roll that curls too much
Digital has at least one big advantage over film. At least in Lightroom, that is. All processing in Lightroom is non-destructive processing. B&W conversion, lightening, darkening, whatever, leaves the RAW file untouched. Once the file reaches my hard drive and is backed up, unless I really try hard to screw up, I will always have that original file to go back to.
Not so much in film processing; there, you CAN make irrecoverable errors.
This is not a story of such an error, but rather of a fixable error that I made last week on the first rolls I developed in Rodinal (an image from that roll is above on this page). An error that made me very conscious of how close I can come to really making an irrecoverable error in processing unless I’m more careful.
First, some basics. Film processing goes like this: put film in tank in dark, put cover on tank, turn lights on, develop, stop, fix, wash, hang to dry. There are three steps before the wash: Develop brings forth the latent image on the film; Stop ceases that development; Fix removes the undeveloped silver from the film as well as ‘fixing’ the image to the film in a more permanent fashion. Washing (three washes) removes the fix from the film (if you don’t do this, film or paper will turn brown; you are trying to remove all the fix from the film that you can).
In preparation, I first fill three beakers with these chemicals: one with 600ml of developer (mixing/diluting it first); then 600ml of water (distilled), then 600ml of fix (from a bottle of pre-mixed fixer). The developer and water are thrown away after use, while the fix is poured back into the fixer bottle as that solution can be used over and over again (it eventually depletes and must be thrown away). The developer is almost clear (it has a slight purplish or beige tinge — depending on which developer it is) and developer is pretty close to odorless; the water is, well, water, and the fix is clear but has a peculiar biting odor to it.
As I prep, I also fill beakers with water for the wash. So, when development commences, I have lined up the following beakers left to right: developer, water, fix, water.
Just to reiterate: I develop, throw that away. I stop, throw that away, I fix, pour that back into the bottle in which I store fix, I wash (three separate washes).
In that order.
Let’s talk about fix: you should fix the film for twice the amount of time it takes for a piece of undeveloped film to clear of unexposed silver once you place it in the fix. If fixer is fresh, this is about two minutes (taking about one minute to clear). As fix loses it potency, you’ll be fixing five minutes or even six.
In my normal process, I don’t look at the negs until after I wash for the last time. Then I pull the film off the reels and hang it up.
So, Thursday night I developed my first rolls of FP4 in Rodinal. Friday night I scanned some of those images. Saturday night I developed my second set of rolls (this time some HP5).
Everything was going great Saturday night until I pulled the negs out after the final wash and I snuck a peek. THERE WAS STILL UNDEVELOPED SILVER ON THE NEGS IN ADDITION TO THE DEVELOPED IMAGE. THE ROLLS HAD NOT BEEN FIXED!
Full stop. I put the rolls back into the tank and put the cover back on. I slowly backed up, step by step. I took a whiff of the fix bottle (which, of course, was full since I had poured the fix back in after doing the rolls). Yup smelled like fix. I had left the film in the fixer for the right time, check. I had mixed a new batch only six rolls ago, so I knew I hadn’t gone bad yet.
I went back to my training, where I learned the ‘twice as long as it takes an undeveloped piece of film to clear’ rule. I found the leader I had snipped off the roll. Poured some fixer in a clean beaker. Threw the leader in, and began the timer. It cleared after six minutes. SIX MINUTES instead of one minute. This batch of fixer had somehow become diluted, severely diluted.
Lots of images flashed through my head. The only conclusion I could come to was somehow, on Thursday night, I had poured WATER into the tank when I thought I was pouring FIXER (remember, they look the same: clear). Then returned that solution into the bottle of remaining fixer. That would dilute the fixer. I must’ve poured water into the tank thinking I was pouring fixer. I grabbed the wrong beaker from the ones sitting on the table.
Then, somehow, during one of the wash cycles (I do three), I guessed the first wash cycle, I filled the tank with FIX (wrong beaker again), not water (remember these beakers look the same, clear liquid), vigorously agitated 15-20 times (as you do when you’re using water in your tank to wash), and then poured the FIX down the drain.
The film cleared probably because the FIX was in the tank for 45-60 seconds (most of that vigorously agitated, mind you) but the fixing action is probably not complete, because the film wasn’t immersed in the fix long enough (twice as long as it takes to clear, remember?)
I had to have poured fix into the tank sometime, because the film looked fixed. But water had replaced the fix in the fix storage bottle to dilute it.
So, I have two rolls of FP4, cut up and placed in neg carriers, only partially fixed and ALSO not completely washed (because I used FIX instead of WATER for one ‘wash’ remember)? Sigh.
Then another thing came into my mind. These two rolls (the two rolls not-quite-fixed, not-quite-washed) have been giving me the devil of the time curling. If I pull a six-neg strip from these reels out of the neg sleeve, it curls right up. Doesn’t want to lay straight on the neg carrier in the scanner. No other roll ever gave me this kind of trouble. This is yet another sign that these pieces of film didn’t spend enough time in the fix.
And who knows what subtle damage the images on those rolls of FP4 have taken being half-fixed. Maybe none, maybe some.
Double sigh.
To fix the rolls I developed Saturday night, I poured in the diluted fixer and fixed them for 12 minutes (twice the time it took to clear). Then I washed them. They seem fine.
This mistake is recoverable. But obviously I need to be much more careful in my process and PROBABLY LABEL THE BEAKERS so I don’t do this again.
So, I need to a) buy more Fix; b) re-fix these strips of film (how I don’t know yet); c) re-wash these pieces of film (ditto; all my fix-and-wash methods involve the film being ON the reels, but these cut-up pieces of film won’t go back on the reels).
The images on those two rolls look interesting; one was a roll of street shots I took while walking around NYC with Kevin Allen, and the other is of the lake near my home in Gibsonia.
Another day, another lesson learned.